Saturday, December 8, 2012 with a delay of one day concluded another round of talks on climate change under the UN Convention on Climate Change. Authoritarian decision of the President of the Conference of Abdullah bin Hamad al-Attiyah final documents were adopted as one package. Despite some violations of diplomatic ethics, the decision was met with applause from observers. Russia comments were not heard, and therefore the Russian delegation expressed its strong opposition ..

On the one hand, Qatar has not had another disastrous step of negotiations. The final package of solutions, called "Doha Climate Portal» (a Climate Gateway), includes the long-awaited amendment to a second commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol. On the other hand, the results of the Conference have been heavily criticized NGO network browsers. Doha could not provide the necessary increase in commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The issue of financial aid to the poorest countries in the fight against climate change remained very blurry.

Kyoto-2

Obligations under the second period for the European Union and Australia, where the share of emissions in the global balance of only about 15%. Member countries are encouraged to manual review of its obligations to provide a 25-40% reduction in emissions by 2014. Russia has not officially announced its reduction goals of the Convention, but it is expected that soon the target of 15-25% will be clarified. Total applications of reducing emissions enough to keep warming within 2 degrees, experts say. The World Bank has already presented his vision of "a world with 4-degree warming", but there are estimates that the current trends in emissions growth will lead the world to warm by as much as 6 degrees by 2100. 

"Hot air"

In the second commitment period of the KP went and shortcomings of the first: Allow quotas, and trade, and other uses. However, the scheme appeared "reduction" of "hot air", and therefore during the last plenary session of the conflict occurred. The Russian delegation insisted that she had been given the opportunity to voice the remark about how a number of questions from the decision by the KP-2 is in contradiction with the very manual. But the president of the Conference has given no such opportunity. After the transfer point of the other Presidents, Oleg Shamanov had the opportunity to speak, but the decision of the Conference on the transfer of quotas unchanged. 

The situation regarding the "hot air" states that the difference now, which is available in Annex 1 countries, between its quantitative commitments to reduce emissions and average emissions for 2008-2010. multiplied by 8 (years) and then subtracted from the accumulated quota under the first commitment period. For transition economies, this means the following: in Ukraine there is only a little bit of "spare quotas", and the country will have to urgently take action to stabilize emissions as soon as possible. Kazakhstan and Belarus, which do not have stock of quotas from the first period, it can lead to the rejection of the previously planned participation in the CP-2. Russia is now in a unique situation, having a huge reserve of quotas. True, she did not sell them going and buying them is unlikely anyone will be able to, due to lack of participation in the CP-2, the lack of the necessary tools and the claimed failure of some countries to buy "hot air."

Funding

Results of the conference to ensure that climate finance has been extremely weak. The decision of the conference calls upon governments to provide long-term financing schemes, to the creation of social adaptation funds, but no accompanying figures. Developed countries are advised to "support funding at the current level, depending on their economic opportunities." It is still not clear what will be achieved before the promised funding of $ 100 billion a year by 2020.

Most criticism is the decision that the official treasurer operator Green Climate Fund, which is planned to take money for programs for mitigation and adaptation will be the World Bank. It is just that which is opposed by many developing countries, indigenous peoples' organizations and networks of observers. The new fund was intended as an alternative to the GEF and other institutions of the World Bank, that would allow for a more independent monetary policy aimed not at maximizing profits, but on the real help vulnerable countries and communities. 

Compensation for damages and losses

The talks this year, an important role was assigned to the issue of damages and losses caused by the adverse effects of climate change in poor countries. Some of them not only plan, but it must take urgent measures to require significant external funding. For example, the government of the island nation of Kiribati is forced to buy land in Fiji and moved there and the neighboring islands of its people - climate refugees. As a result, the mechanism of recovery of such damages decided to approve the next year in Warsaw, and a program of action to begin immediately. For developing countries - is a big breakthrough. While on these talks is expected to result in a tough fight for finance.

In the end, despite the success and adoption of a formal set of documents, the solution is extremely urgent matters do not actually take place. Some of the questions (for example, the theme of the boreal forest) in Doha not sounded at all. Countries have failed to agree on a unified scheme of carbon accounting. The stated ambition of extremely low, and the adoption of the new agreement will take, according to optimistic delegate, "is at least 5-6 of these conferences." Given these rates, room for optimism among observers is not very much.